Using the Translator
The translator requires an input file created by PAM-CRASH Version 2002 or later. The input file can have any name and extension. The PAM-CRASH data entries that are translated are listed in the tables below. Other PAM-CRASH keywords and data are skipped over and noted in the log file. The translator creates a partial Abaqus input file that contains only the model data. You must provide history data (including output data) to complete the input. Element Numbering and Grouping
All elements must have unique element numbers. Elements that are assigned the same PART identification number are grouped together in an element set. Except for connector elements that result from the translation of SPRING and KJOIN, section properties need to be entered in the PART section rather than individually in the element section. Elements that have different material or section properties should be given different PART identification numbers; that is, the same material and section properties must be applicable to all elements grouped in the same element set. If elements that result from the translation of SPRING and KJOIN have different element data (such as frame numbers used to define local directions), and they are assigned the same PART identification number, the translator automatically separates them into different element sets. Material Models
The translator supports only the material models shown in Table 3. All unsupported material models between Types 1 and 99 are translated as bilinear elastic-plastic, and all other material types are translated as linear elastic if a stress-strain law definition is required. In these cases the translator provides nominal values for the material properties. History Section Data
The translator creates a history section based partially on keywords (except TITLE) from the control section of the PAM-CRASH file as shown in Table 1. Other control data are unsupported.
Summary of PAM-CRASH Entities Translated
Table 2. Part section data.| PAM-CRASH keyword | Abaqus equivalent |
|---|
| PART / BAR |
Truss element properties and grouping data |
| PART / BEAM |
Beam element properties and grouping data |
| PART / SPRING |
Connector behavior and grouping data |
| PART / KJOIN |
Connector type, behavior, and grouping data |
| PART / SOLID |
Solid element properties and grouping data |
| PART / SHELL |
Shell element properties and grouping data |
| PART / MEMBR |
Membrane element properties and grouping data |
| PART / TIED |
Mesh tie constraint data and parameters |
| PART / PLINK |
Mesh-independent fastener data and parameters |
Table 3. Material section data.| PAM-CRASH keyword | Abaqus equivalent |
|---|
| MATER / Types 1, 16, 41, 99 |
C3D4/C3D6/C3D8R; solid material model data |
| MATER / Types 100, 101, 102, 103, 105 |
S3RS/S4RS; shell material model data |
| MATER / Types 150, 151 |
M3D3/M3D4/M3D4R and USER MATERIAL |
| MATER / Types 200, 201, 202 |
T3D2/B31; beam and truss material model data |
| MATER / Types 203, 204, 205, 230 |
CONN3D2; connector behavior data |
| MATER / Types 212, 213 |
B31; beam material model data |
| MATER / Type 3021 |
CONN3D2; connector behavior data |
| 1 Material type 302 supports the use of a rupture model (see RUPMO in Table 10). |
Table 6. Constraint section data.| PAM-CRASH keyword | Abaqus equivalent |
|---|
| RWALL(Stationary, segmented finite rigid wall)Velocity flag=0Wall description=20 |
RIGID BODY and CONTACT |
| RBODYTypes 0, 3 |
RIGID BODY and/or MPC (type BEAM)To define a group of elements as a rigid body, enter the part identification number of that element group as the PART entity1.To define an element as a rigid body, enter the element number as the ELE entity or enter all the element node numbers as the NOD entity2. |
| RBODYType 1 |
CONN3D2, CONNECTOR SECTION [PROJECTION CARTESIAN + PROJECTION FLEXION-TORSION], CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION, and CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION |
| CNTACSliding interface types:33, 34, 36, 37, 46 |
CONTACT, CONTACT INCLUSIONS, CONTACT EXCLUSIONS, CONTACT PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT, CONTACT FORMULATION, SURFACE INTERACTION, and SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT |
| TIED |
TIE |
| 1 If PART entities are used to define a rigid body, RBODY is translated as RIGID BODY. |
| 2 If the ELE and NOD entities constitute all elements in a part, RBODY is translated as RIGID BODY. If the ELE and NOD entities do not constitute all elements in a part (i.e., if the part consists of both rigid and deformable elements), RBODY is translated as MPC (MPC type BEAM), a beam-type multi-point constraint for the set of nodes that consists of all input NOD entities and nodes extracted from all ELE entities. |
Table 7. Nodes/faces/elements entity selection data.| PAM-CRASH keyword | Abaqus equivalent |
|---|
| ELE |
ELSET; data for elements to be grouped in a set using ELSET |
| PART |
Data for selecting element sets (ELSET) already defined |
| NOD |
Data for nodes to be grouped in a set using NSET |
| ELE>NOD |
Same procedure as ELE |
| PART>NOD |
Same procedure as PART |
| DELELE |
ELSET and NSET |
| DELPART |
ELSET and NSET |
| DELNOD |
ELSET and NSET |
| GRP |
Named set of entities defined in GROUP |
Table 8. Airbag data.| PAM-CRASH keyword | Abaqus equivalent |
|---|
| GASPEC |
FLUID BEHAVIOR, MOLECULAR WEIGHT, and CAPACITY |
| BAGIN |
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS and FLUID CAVITY |
| GEN_INI_COND |
INITIAL CONDITIONS |
| GAS |
FLUID CAVITY, BEHAVIOR or MIXTURE |
| CHAMBER |
NODE, NSET=ref_node_name; SURFACE, TYPE=ELEMENT; and FLUID CAVITY |
| EXT_SKIN |
M3D3/M3D4 and SURFACE, TYPE=ELEMENT |
| WALL_OPENING |
FLUID EXCHANGE, FLUID EXCHANGE ACTIVATION, and FLUID EXCHANGE PROPERTY |
| WALL_FABRIC |
FLUID EXCHANGE, FLUID EXCHANGE ACTIVATION, and FLUID EXCHANGE PROPERTY |
| LEAKAGE |
FLUID EXCHANGE, FLUID EXCHANGE ACTIVATION, and FLUID EXCHANGE PROPERTY |
| INI_COND |
INITIAL CONDITIONS |
| INFLATOR |
FLUID INFLATOR, FLUID INFLATOR ACTIVATION, FLUID INFLATOR MIXTURE, and FLUID INFLATOR PROPERTY |
Command Summary
abaqus frompamcrash jobjob-nameinputinput-filepLinkConnectors{OFFON}splitAirbagElements{OFFON}autoKJoinStops{OFFON}
Command Line Options
- job
This option is used to specify the name of the Abaqus input file to be output by the translator. The name of the Abaqus input file must be given without the .inp extension. Diagnostics created by the translator are written to a file named job-name_frompam.log. - input
This option is used to specify the name of the file containing the PAM-CRASH data. The name of the file must be given with the file extension. - pLinkConnectors
This option is used to specify the inclusion of connector elements in the PLINK translation. The default value is ON. - splitAirbagElements
This option is used to specify the splitting of 4-node airbag membrane elements into two 3-node airbag membrane elements. The default value is ON. Airbag membrane elements result from the translation of MEMBR and MATER / Types 150 and 151. This option is valid only if the keyword BAGIN is specified in the PAM-CRASH input file. - autoKJoinStops
This option is used to add connector stops to the behavior of all KJOIN connector elements. If the stiffness interpolated at an endpoint on the force-displacement curve exceeds the stiffness interpolated at an adjacent point by a factor of 10, a connector stop is defined at the point adjacent to the endpoint. The default value is OFF. |