Beam rebar line reinforcement in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit

Elements tested

B21
B22
B31
B32
PIPE21
PIPE31

Problem description

These tests verify the modeling of beam element reinforcements in both Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit. The rebar line reinforcement is defined as part of the element section definition. These options are tested in kinematics, multistep, restart, import, prestress, and mass scaling analyses. All beam element types that support rebar reinforcement are tested. The procedure to specify rebar reinforcement defined as part of the element section definition is used in the tests.

Kinematics of rebar in beam elements

Kinematics for beam elements with rebar reinforcement are tested under uniaxial stretch, twist, and pure bending deformation modes. Rebar lines are placed at various locations within the beam elements. All supported beam element types including B21, B22, B31, B32, PIPE21, and PIPE31 are tested. In addition, for three-dimensional beam element types B31 and B32, different section types including ARBITRARY, BOX, CIRC, HEX, I, L, RECT, and TRAPEZOID are tested. These tests check that the rebar exhibit the correct stresses and strains for the three deformation modes. For each test case the results from Abaqus/Explicit agree with the results from Abaqus/Standard.

In addition, a beam structure with a uniformly distributed load is tested in both Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit. The beam structure contains 20 B31 elements with embedded rebar line reinforcement. The run time for the Abaqus/Explicit test is set long enough to make sure it reaches the equilibrium state, and the results agree with those from the Abaqus/Standard analysis (see Figure 1) .

Multistep and restart tests of beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

These tests cover kinematics of rebars in beam elements under multistep and restart analyses. All supported beam element types including B21, B22, B31, B32, PIPE21, and PIPE31 are tested under prescribed uniaxial stretch, twist, and pure bending conditions. Each test case is tested in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit, and the results of the tests from Abaqus/Explicit agree with those from Abaqus/Standard.

Import tests of beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

These tests include Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit, Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard, and Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analyses for the beam elements with rebar line reinforcement. All supported beam element types including B21, B22, B31, B32, PIPE21, and PIPE31 are tested under prescribed uniaxial stretch, twist, and pure bending conditions. States including stresses, strains, and rebar forces on import agree between the first analyses and the import analyses.

Prestress in beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

Initial stresses are applied to the rebar and to the underlying beam elements. Different beam element types including B21, B22, B31, and B32 are tested; and the initial stresses on the rebar and beam elements agree with the user-specified values.

Mass scaling for beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

These problems test mass scaling for beam elements with rebar line reinforcement. Both fixed mass scaling and variable mass scaling are tested for different beam types including B21, B22, B31, and B32. Stable time increments show the expected scaled values, and the stress and strain results agree with the cases without mass scaling.

Results and discussion

The results for all the test cases in Abaqus/Explicit agree with the results in Abaqus/Standard.

Input files

Input files for kinematics tests of beam elements with rebar reinforcement

b21_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B21 element.
b21_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B21 element.
b22_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B22 element.
b22_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B22 element.
b31_arb_c_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with closed ARBITRARY section type.
b31_arb_c_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with closed ARBITRARY section type.
b31_arb_o_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with open ARBITRARY section type.
b31_arb_o_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with open ARBITRARY section type.
b31_box_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with BOX section type.
b31_box_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with BOX section type.
b31_circ_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with CIRC section type.
b31_circ_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with CIRC section type.
b31_hex_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with HEX section type.
b31_hex_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with HEX section type.
b31_i_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with I section type.
b31_i_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with I section type.
b31_rect_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with RECT section type.
b31_rect_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with RECT section type.
b31_trap_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B31 element with TRAPEZOID section type.
b31_trap_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B31 element with TRAPEZOID section type.
b32_arb_c_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with closed ARBITRARY section type.
b32_arb_c_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with closed ARBITRARY section type.
b32_arb_o_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with open ARBITRARY section type.
b32_arb_o_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with open ARBITRARY section type.
b32_box_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with BOX section type.
b32_box_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with BOX section type.
b32_circ_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with CIRC section type.
b32_circ_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with CIRC section type.
b32_hex_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with HEX section type.
b32_hex_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with HEX section type.
b32_i_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with I section type.
b32_i_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with I section type.
b32_rect_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with RECT section type.
b32_rect_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with RECT section type.
b32_trap_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for B32 element with TRAPEZOID section type.
b32_trap_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for B32 element with TRAPEZOID section type.
p21_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for PIPE21 element.
p31_rebar_std.inp: Abaqus/Standard kinematics test for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_xpl.inp: Abaqus/Explicit kinematics test for PIPE31 element.
bm-cload-std-rebar.inp: Abaqus/Standard test of beam structure with 20 B31 elements under uniformly distributed load.
bm-cload-xpl-rebar.inp: Abaqus/Explicit test of beam structure with 20 B31 elements under uniformly distributed load.

Input files for multistep and restart tests of beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

b21_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for B21 element.
b21_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for B21 element.
b21_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for B21 element.
b21_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for B21 element.
b21_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for B21 element.
b21_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for B21 element.
b22_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for B22 element.
b22_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for B22 element.
b22_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for B22 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for B22 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for B22 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for B22 element.
b31_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for B31 element.
b31_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for B31 element.
b31_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for B31 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for B31 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for B31 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for B31 element.
b32_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for B32 element.
b32_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for B32 element.
b32_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for B32 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for B32 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for B32 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for B32 element.
p21_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for PIPE21 element.
p21_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for PIPE21 element.
p31_rebar_std_2step.inp: Abaqus/Standard multistep test for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_std_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard restart analysis for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_std_restart.inp: Abaqus/Standard restart test for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_xpl_2step.inp: Abaqus/Explicit multistep test for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_xpl_1.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit restart analysis for PIPE31 element.
p31_rebar_xpl_restart.inp: Abaqus/Explicit restart test for PIPE31 element.

Input files for import tests of beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

b21_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B21 element.
b21_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B21 element.
b21_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B21 element.
b21_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B21 element.
b21_xx_x1_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B21 element.
b21_xx_x2_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B21 element.
b22_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B22 element.
b22_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B22 element.
b22_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B22 element.
b22_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B22 element.
b22_xx_x1_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B22 element.
b22_xx_x2_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B22 element.
b31_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B31 element.
b31_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B31 element.
b31_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B31 element.
b31_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B31 element.
b31_xx_x1_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B31 element.
b31_xx_x2_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B31 element.
b32_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B32 element.
b32_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B32 element.
b32_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B32 element.
b32_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for B32 element.
b32_xx_x1_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B32 element.
b32_xx_x2_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for B32 element.
p21_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for PIPE21 element.
p21_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for PIPE21 element.
p21_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for PIPE21 element.
p21_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for PIPE21 element.
p31_sx_s_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for PIPE31 element.
p31_sx_x_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit import analysis for PIPE31 element.
p31_xs_x_rebar.inp: First test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for the PIPE31 element.
p31_xs_s_rebar.inp: Second test of Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard import analysis for PIPE31 element.

Input files for prestress in beam elements with rebar line reinforcement

b21_rebar_xpl_initc.inp: Prestress test of B21 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_initc.inp: Prestress test of B22 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_initc.inp: Prestress test of B31 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_initc.inp: Prestress test of B32 element.

Input files for mass scaling for beam elements with rebar line reinforcements in Abaqus/Explicit

b21_rebar_xpl_mscf.inp: Abaqus/Explicit fixed mass scaling test for B21 element.
b21_rebar_xpl_mscv.inp: Abaqus/Explicit variable mass scaling test for B21 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_mscf.inp: Abaqus/Explicit fixed mass scaling test for B22 element.
b22_rebar_xpl_mscv.inp: Abaqus/Explicit variable mass scaling test for B22 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_mscf.inp: Abaqus/Explicit fixed mass scaling test for B31 element.
b31_rebar_xpl_mscv.inp: Abaqus/Explicit variable mass scaling test for B31 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_mscf.inp: Abaqus/Explicit fixed mass scaling test for B32 element.
b32_rebar_xpl_mscv.inp: Abaqus/Explicit variable mass scaling test for B32 element.

Figures