Warping Element Library

This section provides a reference to the warping elements available in Abaqus/Standard.

This page discusses:

See Also
In Other Guides
Meshed Beam Cross-Sections
*SOLID SECTION

ProductsAbaqus/Standard

Element Types

1-DOF Warping Elements

WARP2D3

3-node linear two-dimensional warping element

WARP2D4

4-node bilinear two-dimensional warping element

Active Degrees of Freedom

3, representing the out-of-plane warping displacement

Additional Solution Variables

None.

3-DOF Warping Elements

WARPF2D3

3-node linear two-dimensional warping element with free (unconstrained) in-plane and out-of-plane warping

WARPF2D4

4-node bilinear two-dimensional warping element with free (unconstrained) in-plane and out-of-plane warping

WARPF2D6

6-node quadratic two-dimensional warping element with free (unconstrained) in-plane and out-of-plane warping

WARPF2D8

8-node quadratic two-dimensional warping element with free (unconstrained) in-plane and out-of-plane warping

Active Degrees of Freedom

1, 2, representing the in-plane warping displacements

3, representing the out-of-plane warping displacement

Additional Solution Variables

None.

Nodal Coordinates Required

X, Y

Element-Based Loading

There is no loading for these element types.

Element Output

The two-dimensional warping elements are used to calculate the out-of-plane warping and, for 3-DOF warping elements, the in-plane warping for beams using a meshed cross-section. One warping function is computed for 1-DOF warping elements, and six warping functions are computed for 3-DOF warping elements. You can view warping functions in the Visualization module of Abaqus/CAE. At the element integration points, the derivatives of the warping functions are used to calculate the shear strain and stress due to torsion (for 1-DOF warping elements) or the full three-dimensional strain and stress due to extension, shear, bending, and torsion (for 3-DOF warping elements).

Node Ordering on Elements



 

Numbering of Integration Points for Output