The following hardening options are available:
| Option |
Hardening behavior |
| Isotropic |
Model hardening where the yield surface changes size uniformly in
all directions such that the yield stress increases (or decreases)
in all stress directions as plastic straining occurs |
| Kinematic |
Model cyclic loading of a material with a constant rate of
hardening |
| Johnson-Cook |
Model isotropic hardening in Abaqus/Explicit, where the yield stress is provided as an analytical function of
equivalent plastic strain, strain rate, and temperature |
| User |
Describe yield stress for isotropic hardening through user
subroutine UHARD |
| Combined |
Model cyclic loading of a material with nonlinear
isotropic/kinematic hardening |
For general information on selecting a Hardening option, see Hardening.